W.H.Auden's Poems

W.H.Auden's Poems 

Hello Friends! 

         Today I'm going to write about W.H.Auden's Poems task given by our professor Dr. Dilip Barad sir...

1) Which lines of 'September 1, 1939' you liked the most? Why?

                                                           To make this fort assume

                                                           The furniture of home;

The first evil is the conservative ignorance of the religious-minded. Then there is the fictitious lie of individualism. Its doctrine declares that nothing exists but the individual self. This doctrine rules over the mind of the materialistic man-in-the-street. The third evil theory is the lie of authoritarianis. Auden mentioned evils ruling over the minds of the people. I liked this line because In it poet describes things as living things.the poet describes the nature of the task his poetic voice has to perform in America. He says that he possesses only his poetic voice, and no other power, to undo the evil beliefs prevalent in America and elsewhere. 

2) What is so special about 'In Memory of W B Yeats'?

In Memory of W. B. Yeats, by W.H. Auden is a modern poem in its imagery, concept and versification. The poem, as its title indicates, is an elegy written to mourn the death of W.B. Yeats, but it is different from the conventional elegy. Traditionally, in an elegy, all nature is represented as mourning the death, here nature is represented as going on its course indifferent and unaffected.

The great poet's death goes unnoticed both by man and nature: human life goes on as usual, and so does nature. Secondly, in the traditional elegy the dead is glorified and his death is said to be a great loss for mankind at large. But Auden does not glorify Yeats. He goes to the extent of calling him 'silly' and further that his poetry could make nothing happen. "Ireland has her madness and her weather still." Thus, Auden reverses the traditional elegiac values and treats them ironically. Although, apparently the poem is an elegy, Auden reverses and departs from the known traditions of elegy.

3) Is there any contemporary relevance of 'Epitaph on a Tyrant'?

We find that out national leaders also do like Tyrant. Yes it's democracy but they all used to one thing that citizens of the nation to understand - it is his way or the highway. People often acquiesce when their lives and livelihoods are threatened. Therefore, the tyrant manipulates and controls people by having strict punishment always. They don't have any particular reason to become kind toward the citizens but for money and Political positions they show off more on social media. We see that our leaders's dictatorship and played no small role in shaping the world as we know it today and they had known it then.

On Being Asked for War Poem by W.B.Yeats

Evaluate 'On Being Asked for a War Poem.

‘On Being Asked for a War Poem’ is a poem by W. B. Yeats (1865-1939), written in 1915 and published the following year. It’s one of Yeats’s shortest well-known poems, comprising just six lines, and sets out why Yeats chooses not to write a ‘war poem’ for publication.

There is something of a contradiction to this poem: in a war poetry collection, it is a poem that refuses to speak about war. The poem says that it is not the place of a poet to write about politics, but that the poet instead should limit his interference in the world to pleasing his companions.

It was response to a request by Henry James  that Yeats compose a political poem about World War I. Yeats changed the poem's title from "To a friend who has asked me to sign his manifesto to the neutral nations" to "A Reason for Keeping Silent".The poem was first published in Edith Wharton's The Book of the Homeless in 1916 as "A Reason for Keeping Silent". When it was later reprinted in The Wild Swans at Coole, the title was changed to "On being asked for a War Poem".

‘On Being Asked For a War Poem’: This poem was written after Yeats was asked to write a war poem. It is a meditation on whether poets can write war poetry. It also considers an old question: what is the role of the poet in society, and what is the function of poetry?  An ancient philosopher, Plato, even thought that poetry should be banned as corrupting to society. Yeats here enters this long-standing argument in the modern age.

Original Poem:-

                                               I think it better that in times like these

                                               A poet’s mouth be silent, for in truth

                                               We have no gift to set a statesman right;

                                               He has had enough of meddling who can please

                                               A young girl in the indolence of her youth,

                                               Or an old man upon a winter’s night.

Summary:-

In summary, ‘On Being Asked for a War Poem’ is a poem about refusing to write a war poem when asked to produce one. This odd act of refusal-as-assent – writing a poem, but a poem which takes a stand against writing a certain kind of poem – has the air of irony about it, and Yeats probably intended his poem to be taken as a brief ‘thanks, but no thanks’.

Structure of the poem:-

In terms of its form, the poem is written in iambic pentameter, rhymed abcabc. The final two lines are the only ones which might cause some real head-scratching from readers (and critics), but Yeats appears to be making an appeal to the broad readership that poetry 

(including his poetry, by 1915) enjoyed: young girls might enjoy his romantic verses about old Ireland, while an old man might enjoy.

Why did Yeats refuse to write a ‘war poem’?:-

 

In February 1915, Yeats had written to his friend Lady Gregory: ‘I suppose, like most wars it is at root a bagman’s war, a sacrifice of the best for the worst. I feel strangely enough most for the young Germans who are now being killed.’ Yeats goes on to say that the ‘bespectacled’ Germans he has seen remind him more of himself than the English soldiers (‘footballers’) or the French troops.

‘On Being Asked for a War Poem’ could be productively analysed alongside ‘An Irish Airman Foresees His Death’, for this reason. Yeats objected to the war, and could not imagine using poetry to wave the flag for the right ‘side’ (and his Irish blood would have boiled at the idea of writing a patriotic poem in support of the British troops in the war!). His line ‘We have no gift to set a statesman right’ is a forerunner to Auden’s famous line that ‘poetry makes nothing happen’, and the similarity is no coincidence: Auden makes that well-known statement in his elegy for W. B. Yeats, written in 1939.

Thank You....

W.B.Yeats poems 'The Second Coming by W.B.Yeats

The Second coming by W.B.Yeats

Hello Readers! 

           Today I'm going to write about W.B.Yeats poems analysis task given by our professor Dr. Dilip Barad sir. This blog is a response for that.

Analysis of "The Second Coming" as a Pandemic Poem 

Original Poem

               

Turning and turning in the widening gyre

The falcon cannot hear the falconer;

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,

The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

The best lack all conviction, while the worst

Are full of passionate intensityI.

Surely some revelation is at hand;

Surely the Second Coming is at hand.

The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out

When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi

Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert

A shape with lion body and the head of a man,

A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,

Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it

Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.

The darkness drops again; but now I know

That twenty centuries of stony sleep

Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,

And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,

                                     Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?                            

 

It should be remembered that the writer of “The Second Coming” William Butler Yeats was interested in Theosophy as evident from a biographical analysis of his life. He joined the Theosophical Society but the Theosophical Society expelled him in the year 1890. It is because he was not ready to follow its conventions and rules. “The second coming” is a mourning note on his expulsion from that society, however, this is also an appreciation of a chance that life provided to him. Hence, if we consider this poem in an autobiographical sense then all in all it is about an incident and expression of yeat’s emotions.

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,

The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

The best lack all conviction, while the worst

Are full of passionate intensity.

               This line is very much lucid. Without communication, nothing is possible. Even an aeroplane can’t fly  in the air without communication and a time comes when it loses control. One can’t hold multiple items at the same time. Letting go may also become a wise decision but if one can’t compromise and insists to hold more than one things at one time, things may scatter. That’s what the poet wants to say. In a spiral, we see things come closer to each other and rotate in the centre but eventually, a time comes when even the centre can’t hold them and they scatter.

A similar example of it is Tornado. We see it grabbing things in its centre but ultimately when it ends, everything scatters without any order. Spiral whether it is a tornado or of water when it ends, it throws things, which are in there, in various random directions. The world in which we are living also suffers from same type of chaos. Nevertheless, the main reason due to which things scatter and the centre can’t hold is lack of communication. We can’t understand each other because we can’t talk and ultimately due to misconceptions, we develop hate instead of love in our hearts, which causes dissipate.

Thank You...

562 words 3,193 characters

Bob Dylan and Robert Frost

Bob Dylan and Robert Frost 

Hello Readers!

Today I'm going to write about two American famous figures : Bob Dylan and Robert Frost. 

Bob Dylan :-

Bob Dylan, original name Robert Allen Zimmerman, (born May 24, 1941, Duluth, Minnesota, U.S.), American folksinger who moved from folk to rock music in the 1960s, infusing the lyrics of rock and roll, theretofore concerned mostly with boy-girl romantic innuendo, with the intellectualism of classic literature and poetry. Hailed as the Shakespeare of his generation, Dylan sold tens of millions of albums, wrote more than 500 songs recorded by more than 2,000 artists, performed all over the world, and set the standard for lyric writing. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2016.

NOTABLE WORKS

• “Nashville Skyline”
• “Blood on the Tracks”
• “John Wesley Harding”
• “Desire”
• “The Basement Tapes”
• “Another Side of Bob Dylan”
• “Before the Flood”
• “Blonde On Blonde”
• “Time Out of Mind”
• “The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan”.       

Robert Frost:- 

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, but his family moved to Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1884 following his father’s death. The move was actually a return, for Frost’s ancestors were originally New Englanders, and Frost became famous for his poetry’s engagement with New England locales, identities, and themes. Frost graduated from Lawrence High School, in 1892, as class poet (he also shared the honor of co-valedictorian with his wife-to-be Elinor White), and two years later, the New York Independent accepted his poem entitled “My Butterfly,” launching his status as a professional poet with a check for $15.00. Frost's first book was published around the age of 40, but he would go on to win a record four Pulitzer Prizes and become the most famous poet of his time, before his death at the age of 88.

NOTABLE WORKS

• “The Road Not Taken”
• “The Death of the Hired Man”
• “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
• “Mending Wall”
• “After Apple-Picking”
• “A Boy’s Will”
• “Storm Fear”
• “Mountain Interval”
• “North of Boston”
• “New Hampshire”

Questions: 

1) which song of Bob Dylan has made an impact on you ?? Why ? Can you find a song similar to the same theme in other language ?

As we discusse further that Bob Dylan is one of the most influential singer-songwriters of the 20th century, known for songs that chronicle social and political issues.

So in his songs I like the most song is "Blowin' in the Wind".  It is ths Bob Dylan's classic 1962 protest song, has had a long, rich life as an anthem for causes from civil rights to nuclear disarmament. In this song, the speaker poses a series of huge questions about the persistence of war and oppression, and then responds with one repeated, cryptic reply: "The answer, my friends, is blowin' in the wind." Finding an end to human cruelty, the song suggests, is a matter of understanding a truth that's all around—but paradoxically impossible to grasp. 

If we look that in our rotinue life  many times does a person have to look up before they actually see the sky? How many ears does a single person have to have before they'll actually listen to other people weeping? And how many people have to die for that same person to understand that there's too much death in the world? The answer to these questions is just moving through the air, my friend, it's just moving thorugh the air.We learnt that all things are happened but one thing we try to always keep in our mind is that just moving.

 I like this song because perhaps the song is suggesting that people need to think and perceive in new, freer ways in order to break out of their old patterns of war and violence. That this is a job both for humanity at large and for every “man” offers a grain of hope in the song as well: if individual people can think in novel ways and come to understand how the answer might be “blowin’ in the wind,” maybe an end to war, cruelty, and oppression is possible after all.we really think about it in deep way.

2.) Which poem of Robert Frost has made an impact on you? Why? 

Fire and Ice:-

Some say the world will end in fire,

Some say in ice.

From what I’ve tasted of desire

I hold with those who favor fire.

But if it had to perish twice,

I think I know enough of hate

To say that for destruction ice

Is also great

And would suffice.

About Poem:- 

The poem is a work of eschatology—writing about the end of the world—and poses two possible causes for this end: fire and ice. The speaker uses these natural elements as symbols for desire and hatred, respectively, arguing that both emotions left unchecked have the capacity to destroy civilization itself.

I like this poem because through the ice and fire poet represents the end of the world.Some people think the world will end in fire, whereas others think ice is more likely. in this poem we can find that speaker's experiences with desire, he or she tends to agree with those who believe fire is the more likely scenario. If the world were to end twice, however, the speaker feels that, based on his or her knowledge of human hatred, ice would be an equally powerful method of destruction—and would do the job sufficiently. It represents that fire is likely way for humanity to destroy itself and the world, the speaker also feels that human beings’ capacity for destruction is so great that it could bring about this destruction more than once. It's very intresting for me that ice” as another method for ending it all, aligning it with hatred. here is that the end of the world could be brought about by inaction rather than some singular major event.

Thank you....

SR: Breath: Interpretation Challenge & Shooting a Video

Interpretation of Breath play: Samuel Beckett

Hello Friends! 

           

                  While studying 'The Theatre of the Absurd' and Samuel Beckett's 'Waiting for Godot' in our Course, our professor discussed the film version of Beckett's Shortest play 'Breath' - thirty-seconds play and assigned us one of the most creative tasks to interpret this shortest play and shoot a small video. 

Interpretation of Breath play : Samuel Beckett 

Breath is a play written by Samuel Beckett in the 1969. It considered as a smallest play ever written. It is only about 30 second play. It also considered as experimental play. This play can be interpretated many ways. The play consider as absurd play. Here I tried to interpretate play. 

Meaning of the Breath :

Breath means both life and death. In life it consider as the symbol  of action. Sometimes person so much habituated of breathing. Person doesn't realise its actually importance for live life. The play reflects the reality of human life. It reflects meaningless and Existentialism. Meaningless in the sense that people has no any purpose of living life. We live life just waiting for death. Breathing help us to reach ultimately death. So Breath is the symbol of Bridge between life and death. 

The script of the play:

CURTAIN Up

1. Faint light on stage littered with miscellaneous rubbish. Hold about five seconds.

2. Faint brief cry and immediately inspiration and slow increase of light together reaching maximum - together in about ten seconds. Silence and hold for about five seconds.

3. Expiration and slow decrease of light together reaching minimum together (light as in 1) in about ten seconds and immediately cry as before. Silence and hold about five seconds. 

CURTAIN Down

 Picturization of the play

The script is very short and perhaps it is written for the dramatization purpose. So, I've tried to shoot a video following the original script and also used crying and breathing sound.

Interpretation of the Play

If one tries to interpret such a short play, it can be said that it covers much absurdity and meaningless. As we know that Samuel Beckett is associated with Theatre of Absurd, his another play, "Waiting for Godot" is also an absurd play.

The title of the play Breath is very significant. It refers to life. The script of the play contains miscellaneous rubbish. This suggests boredom and anxiety. The brief cry also signifies life but it also suggest disgust, anguished, stressed, haphazard, pessimist and gloomy thinking. The play is very short so, this also significantly suggests that life is very short. All we have to do is just breath and cry. Crying for status, power, money, recognition, attachment, acceptance and what not. The beginning part of script suggest birth, as the light inspires and grows. The end part suggests death as the light and the sound gradually decreases. But the setup is very rubbish, so it suggests that life is nothing but a rubbish stuff, spread hither and thither. No matter how human tries to decorate the life, it will remain rubbish and coarse. This also relates with Albert Camus's Myth of Sisyphus.

For Whom The Bell Tolls

Thinking Activity : 2 : For Whom The Bell Tolls 

Hello Friends !

In this blog I am going to write about two novels by Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and The Sea.The American author Ernest Hemingway was one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. His machine-like style was precise and austere, but he also had a deft and gentle turn of phrase which gave his work its own peculiar beauty and power. He was a master of the action genre, but he also wrote passionately about love and life, war and work. Though Hemingway is often seen as the archetypal American writer, many of his books have a European air. Hemingway certainly experienced Europe – he drove ambulances in Italy in the First World War, worked as a journalist in the Spanish Civil War, and lived alongside other modernist artists and writers in Paris in the 1920s – and his love for these countries, especially Spain, and their culture permeates his work.

Hemingway's use of language

For Whom the Bell Tolls 

The Old Man and The Sea

Among all Hemingway’s works, The Old Man and the Sea is the most typical one to his unique language style. Its 

language is simple and natural, and has the effect of directness, clarity and freshness. This is because Hemingway 

always manages to choose words concrete, specific, more commonly found, more Anglo-Saxon, casual and 

conversational. He seldom uses adjectives and abstract nouns, and avoids complicated syntax. Hemingway’s strength 

lies in his short sentences and very specific details. His short sentences are powerfully loaded with the tension, which he 

sees in life. Where he does not use a simple and short sentence, he connects the various parts of the sentence in a 

straightforward and sequential way, often linked by “and”. In his task of creating real people, Hemingway uses dialogue 

as an effective device. Here is an example chosen from The Old Man and the Sea:

“What do you have to eat?” the boy asked. 

“No, I will eat at home; do you want me to make the fire?” 

“No, I will make it later on, or I may eat the rice cold.” 

Here we can see that such interpolations as “he said” have frequently been omitted and the words are very colloquial. 

Thus the speech comes to the reader as if he were listening. Hemingway has captured the immediacy of dialogue 

skillfully and has made the economical speech connotative. But it is good to note that Hemingway’s style is deliberate 

and artificial, and is never as natural as it seems to be. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, in some specific moments, in 

order to stand out by contrast and to describe an important turning point or climax, the style is made a little different: He took all his pain and what was left of his long gone pride and he put it against the fish’s agony and the fish came over on 

to his side and swam gently on his side, his bill almost touching the planking of the skiff, and started to pass the boat, 

long, deep, wide, silver and barred with purple and interminable in the water. The language in this one-sentence 

paragraph is different from other parts of the novel. Kenneth Graham has commented that the sentence builds up its 

parts in a carefully laborious sequence—“all his pain and what was left of his strength and his long gone pride”. It 

emulates the movement of the exhausted marlin and the physical strain of the old man. And it mounts to a heavy 

crescendo in the very un-prosaic inversion of adjectives—“long, deep, wide”—ending in the virtually poetic cadence, 

“interminable in the water.”

Hemingway's Narrative Technique

For the Whom Bell Tolls 

For Hemingway, point of view is important. ‘For Whom Bell Tolls’ presents the narrative through an omniscient point of view that continually shifts back and forth between the characters. In this way, Hemingway can effectively chronicle the effect of the war on the men and women involved. The narrator shifts from Anselmo’s struggles in the snow during his watch to Pilar’s story about Pablo’s execution of Fascists and El Sordo’s lonely death to help readers more clearly visualize their experiences

The Old Man and The Sea

The point of view used in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man And The Sea is omniscient third person as the narrator is able to tell what and how the main characters think. In this way, a reader may obtain more subjective view from the narrator. As mentioned in the summary (click here to read), the old man is the main character of the story. The distance between the narrator and the old man helps create the solitude felt by the latter. What is more noteworthy is that though the old man is called Santiago, this Christian name appears only four times throughout the story.

The reason for the narrator to call him constantly the old man has probably something to do with his dignity. On three occasions, the name Santiago is said to be called by the boy Manolin. On the first two occasions, the boy attempts to persuade the old man to take him to the adventurous sail. For the third time, his name appeared when he is fighting alone with the marlin. His left hand is injured after the battle. The sun is soon set, and he tried to give solace to himself while recalling the moment he had beaten a man in arm wrestling. Then comes the comment of the narrator:

Hemingway's Characters

For Whom the Bell Tolls 

1) Physical Appearance

Physical appearances often give us an immediate clue to "what lies beneath" in this book. When we meet Pablo, for example, we learn from the description that he's grizzled, scarred, a bit oddly shaped, with close-set narrow eyes, and has a somewhat hostile look on his face. A shady, unpleasant character.

Pilar is monumentally large, strong and thick, with a warm brown face that looks like a "model for a granite monument." Her looks reflect her courage, strength, good humor, and larger-than life vitality.

Robert Jordan has a physique which suits his restraint, his toughness, and his weathering by the war: he's tall, lean and muscular – presumably rather chiseled – with rough, sun-streaked hair and skin burnt by the sun and wind. Plus those sharpened, clear eyes.

Maria's eyes, on the other hand, are "hungry, young, and wanting." A head of cropped hair, which people seem to agree mars her beauty, testifies to the horrible events of her past which still haunts her.

Speech and Dialogue

"That we blow up an obscene bridge and then have to obscenely well obscenity ourselves off out of these mountains?" (3: 127) Thanks for that, Agustín – can we even call that a sentence? There are several potty-mouths in For Whom the Bell Tolls, and a lot of interesting cusses, though Hemingway never writes them out: he always replaces them with "obscenity" or "unnameable" or whatnot (a few times, he does let very foul words in untranslated Spanish).

Swearing is one of the major ways in which characters are given color, and personality. It defines Pilar and Agustín, and the more cynical way Robert Jordan swears also contrasts him with his more exuberantly obscene Spanish friends. Love of cursing in general is meant to be characteristically Spanish.

Hemingway also lends that "Spanish-ness" to his characters' language by using really awkward straight translations into English: lots of thee's and thou's, and words which mean something different in normal English than Spanish (for example, "molest," which means bother in Spanish and is a much more everyday word). Every so often, a character will also break into a regional dialect, as Anselmo does when he curses Pablo out at the very beginning of the book.

Action

If somebody steals your detonators and runs away with them, thereby screwing your mission over and dooming you and your friends to die, chances are he's a jerk. If, even after he returns, he kills the people he's recruited to help him, he's still a jerk, though he's a jerk on your side.

The actions of characters in For Whom the Bell Tolls reveal a lot about them. As it's a war novel, the most common traits revealed by action are bravery and brutality: Pilar's bravery is evident from her standing up to Pablo and willingness to go ahead with the mission, as well as her military performance, while Pablo's brutality is shockingly clear from her story about the fascist massacre in their town. Resolve is another big one: Anselmo's the guy who stays put in the snowstorm, even when it gets really bad, because he doesn't want to disobey Robert Jordan. If you want courtesy, think of El Sordo's bringing a bottle of whiskey specially for Robert Jordan from La Granja, this in the middle of a war.

The Old Man and and The Sea

Personification

With the old man being alone on the sea and all, a lot of characterization of animals is done, not of people. And a great tool for such characterization is the use of personification. The old man talks about jellyfish, turtles, birds, and, most important, the marlin, as if they were people. He gives them thought processes, even personalities. And all of his comments on the animals tell us more about him, which counts as a characterization tool in its own right, which is kind of nifty.

Direct Characterization

Hemingway doesn’t beat around the bush. How do we know the old man is proud? Because he says that the old man suffered "no loss of true pride." How do we know Manolin loves Santiago? Because he says "the boy loved him."

Physical Characterization

We get some pretty intense descriptions of the old man’s gaunt, emaciated body. Hemingway never lets us forget the one key fact that this guy is old and not in top-notch fish-fighting condition. That, of course, makes him that much more impressive for winning the battle against the marlin. So, oddly enough, the description of the old man’s physical shortcomings serves to highlight his strengths.

Speech and Dialogue

Yes, the old man talks to himself. No, he isn’t crazy. And in case you don’t believe us, he tells you that himself. He just doesn’t have a radio or a newspaper or an iPhone, so he finds companionship in himself and in the creatures around him. This reminds us that the old man is "strange," in the sense of "alienated," and that he is forced to do his battle in isolation from others.

His Point of View

For Whom the Bell Tolls

The narrative is written in a detached, journalistic style that focuses on what the characters can see, hear, or smell. This description is often restricted to what Robert Jordan can see or hear. On a few occasions, most notably when introducing Pablo confiding to his horse and introducing Karkov’s rescue of Andrés and Gomez in prison, the narrator comments on the unfolding action.

The Old Man and The Sea:

Sometimes the narrator describes the characters and events objectively, that is, as they would appear to an outside observer. However, the narrator frequently provides details about Santiago’s inner thoughts and dreams.

Thank you...

Transcendentalism

Thinking Activity : Transcendentalism

Hello Readers! 

           Today I'm going to write about Thinking Activity of Transcendentalism given by MS Vaidehi Hariyani Ma'am.

What is Transcendentalism? 

It’s all about spirituality. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that began in the mid-19th century and whose founding members included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. It centers around the belief that spirituality cannot be achieved through reason and rationalism, but instead through self-reflection and intuition. In other words, transcendentalists believe spirituality isn’t something you can explain; it’s something you feel. A transcendentalist would argue that going for a walk in a beautiful place would be a much more spiritual experience than reading a religious text.

The transcendentalism movement arose as a result of a reaction to Unitarianism as well as the Age of Reason. Both centered on reason as the main source of knowledge, but transcendentalists rejected that notion. Some of the transcendentalist beliefs are:

• Humans are inherently good
• Society and its institutions such as organized religion and politics are corrupting. Instead of being part of them, humans should strive to be independent and self-reliant
• Spirituality should come from the self, not organized religion
• Insight and experience are more important than logic
• Nature is beautiful, should be deeply appreciated, and shouldn’t be altered by humans

Major Transcendentalist Value 

The transcendentalist movement encompassed many beliefs, but these all fit into their three main values of individualism, idealism, and the divinity of nature.

Individualism

Perhaps the most important transcendentalist value was the importance of the individual. They saw the individual as pure, and they believed that society and its institutions corrupted this purity. Transcendentalists highly valued the concept of thinking for oneself and believed people were best when they were independent and could think for themselves. Only then could individuals come together and form ideal communities.

Idealism 

The focus on idealism comes from Romanticism, a slightly earlier movement. Instead of valuing logic and learned knowledge as many educated people at the time did, transcendentalists placed great importance on imagination, intuition and creativity. They saw the values of the Age of Reason as controlling and confining, and they wanted to bring back a more “ideal” and enjoyable way of living.

Divinity of Nature

Transcendentalists didn’t believe in organized religion, but they were very spiritual. Instead of believing in the divinity of religious figures, they saw nature as sacred and divine. They believed it was crucial for humans to have a close relationship with nature, the same way religious leaders preach about the importance of having a close relationship with God. Transcendentalists saw nature as perfect as it was; humans shouldn’t try to change or improve it.

Most Important Authors

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson began his adult life as a Unitarian minister. He completed his studies at Harvard. As a child, he was greatly influenced by his aunt who introduced him to concepts such as the ideas of Hinduism. Emerson brought ideas of science, mysticism, and Eastern religions into the transcendentalist movement. 

Emerson's background as a minister greatly helped spread the ideas of transcendentalism. He preached in many churches, so many people were inclined to believe him. Emerson travelled a lot which encouraged the spread of trascendental ideas. 

One of Emerson's most prominent works was "The American Scholar." In this famous essay, he encouraged Americans to be proud of themselves and to stop looking elsewhere for ideas and inspiration.

Henry David Thoreau

Henry David Thoreau placed great emphasis on the importance of nature in one's life. For two years of his life, Thoreau lived in a hut he built on Walden Pond. He later wrote a book called Walden which described his experiences while living amongst nature. He also wrote an essay called "Civil Disobedience." The main purpose of this essay was that one's own conscience should be held at a higher priority than the law. 

These authors, along with others, were part of The Transcendental Club. The group met in Boston at the home of George Ripley. They started a publication known as The Dial which was edited by Margaret Fuller. Fuller was a radical feminist at the time.

 Q.1  Transcendentalists talks about Individual’s relation with Nature. What is Nature for you? Share your views.

What do i think of nature? Ummm. Well, I am immersed in nature. I am in total awe of nature. I move and act and enjoy my being in nature. I also see ,in,of and through nature. We are part of it. After our ultimate demise we will feed it,therefore renewing nature through our sacrifice..Nature is one of that who gives me a reason to live happily,to live with enthusiasm.Our definition of nature is changing with times.Because when i was child for me nature is like tree,sea,sky,mountain and all these things.But slowly and steadily the definition is changing according to my maturity level.Sometimes i feel that nature for me is myself.

Q.2 Transcendentalism is an American Philosophy that influenced American Literature at length. Can you find any Indian/Regional literature or Philosophy came up with such similar thought?

Emerson and his fellow Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau became the first entry point for Hindu and Buddhist thought in the New World. By the time Swami Vivekananda arrived on America’s shores, both Emerson and Thoreau were dead. But Raja Rammohun Roy’s writings, as well as the Bhagavad Gita had a profound influence on them. Thoreau’s pantheism stemmed from his readings of Hindu philosophy, which did not separate the godhead from the human and natural world. While Thoreau indulged the flute, in reverence to Krishna, he was also a practising yogi.

Conclusion

Having explored transcendentalist trends in the poetry of Emerson and Pramod Pawar, it is evident that there is indeed a meeting point in the realm of American and Indian poetry. Although transcendentalism is a purely 19th century American literary movement, its tenets are very glaring in the 21st century publication by an Indian poet (Pramod Pawar) in his poetry entitled Ubiquity. Published in Africa by Nyaa Publishers further portrays the universality of transcendentalism as a literary movement and also the relevance of Ubiquityin the African literary and sociological context. The celebration of nature, the central place of religion in the transcendentalists’ thought, and the unflinching passion for independence are the tenets of transcendentalism that have been examined in the poems of both authors under study. It is the hope of this researcher that this paper will not only prompt more research on the works of an emerging Indian writer in the person of Pramod Pawar Ambadasrao, but will also draw the attention of literary critics across the world to the beauty of Indian and American Poetry.

Thank you....

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Existentialism: Flipped Learning

Existentialism :- Flipped Learning Ask Questions

Hello Readers

    

                              Here I am going to wrote about Existentialism. This is my Flipped Learning task. This was given by our professor Dilip barad sir from Department of English Bhavnagar University. 

Existentialism

Video-1  

             

First video is about what is existentialism in which many thinkers talked about the existentialism and Philosophical suicide meant nothingness in life and also a very good ideas about individuality, passion and freedom..

All know define the Existansalism by Je suis existentialism. Associated within is not conciderd to the face existanalist. Start with Kierkegaard. Apply to many a great thing.

Kierkegaard

Nietzsche

Dostoyevsky

Kafka

Keidegger

Shestov

Hesso

Sartre, Beauvoir.

This are the faithful companion. Believing and not believing in God that time we look at individuality, freedom and passion.

Women who committed adultery shall be stoned to death.

No sex before Marriage 

The universe is less than 6000 years 

This is the center of the universe.

Video-2

           

This video is about the philosophical suicide and the myth of sisyphus. The cause of the death is absurdity. Meaning of life is the most important camus individual act. He says relation of suicide act. Absurdity face in the question. Because of life is absurd. Try into common belief refusing to grant meaning to life. We know that this divorce between man and this life, The actor and his setting, is properly the feeling of absurdity. All healthy men having thought of their own suicide, it can be seen, without further explanation, that there is a direct connection between this feeling and the longing for detah.

An Absurd Reasoning Camus start desplay but braining on exist. He write,

"There is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide." 

Video-3 

Feeling of the absurd philosophical suicide        

 

The Notion of Philosophical suicide. This video talked about the philosophical suicide and this problem come out from A total absence of hope, A continual rejection and conscious dissatisfaction. From this method people escaped from absurd life.

The feeling of the absurd is not, for all that, The notion of the absurd. It lays the foundations for it. People try to escape from this absurdity because other one can live in a physical suicide on a physical suicide, individual state of mind needs to stay her or himself pertinent state of individualine, Sudha question of God and it is stand in front of us that one can her rational and can free for the all kind of structures of society. 

Video-4 

Dadaism and Nihilism has nothing to do with each other, there is only one similarity that both are fed up with arbitrary values of life. they do not want such values invented by others.

In this video the very well know concept of dadaism and Nihilism denotes idea of life so that basic meaning of dadaism is a quest for change or creation is the primary goal of the Daizam and the IT arises. The absurd doesn't frightened me because, from a more elevated point of view, I consider everything in life to be absurd.

Video-5

Is Existentialism is gloomy philosophy? Every life is full of anxiety, despair and absurdity, but we are free to choose our own path of living. Every individual choose his/her way of life but when result is not good then they escape from this situation that is not fair practice. Existentialism is differ from Nihilism. After world war-2 People's life became miserable and full of despair. Everyone tried to find the meaning of life.

In this video we can see there exist racialisam is a very gloomy philosophy then an anxiety disappear absurdity can tack place and we never faced this argument in the arena of Existentialism. Existentialism is often accused of being a gloomy philosophy while there's a truth to this claim, we must look at the whole picture.

Video-6 

Much difference between Existentialism and Nihilism. Existentialism believe in subjectivity like individuality, nothingness, absurd life while Nihilism believe in objectivity like everything is illusion in life.

 In this video, I briefly explain why  Existentialism and nihilism are two distinct movements. Many people says Existentialism and Nihilism are the same thing, but actually not very meaning of Nihilism is that something which is loss of individuality. Nihilism is a concept of passively accept the life. Also give the new concept that responsibility to fight against suicide call rebellion. 

Video-7

Existentialism ask question of existence that why I am here? what is life? Divine perspective and human perspective. Human were not design by any supernatural power, existentialism see the life from religiously, scientifically and philosophically and raise question about human existence.

In this lacture we look at the history of Existentialism examine what for Existentialists is the key concern of philosophy, discuss the phrase existence precedes essence, and differentiate between Existentialism and Nihilism. 

Video-8 

Existentialism and Nietzsche: Nietzsche's Existentialism talked about that human being is everything, there is no need any supernatural power to govern life. Like God is dead so human being can make their own rules and be like superman or ubermensch.

The clear concept of Existentialism is that we do not need to believe in the constructions and rule we have own disciplines and ruled social constructions and already Seth rules don't it have the universal morality which leads that governs all of us. In this video I get know very interesting concept and I am very impressed with it that it is " ubermensche" which is connected with what's good and bad. 

Video-9 

Existentialism is a way of life and understand life deeply. Existentialism says about what I am. Eric Dodson said that it is honest and shows reality of life and accept your fault and your abilities.

This video is a fairly personal description of what attrects me to Existential thinking, and of waht I get out of it. This one is also something of a companion - piece to my recent video on Existentialism and human development. It is a kind of quest between good or bad for to be or not to be in a general sense we can say that it is a fight between mind and heart of a person. 

Video-10

 

I like the idea in this video is that only we can give reason to our choice or we can say that there is no reason for choice is just a choice. There is no meaning of life but meaning is given by us to our life.

The last video we can see this was a idea of Existentialism is that waht gives life meaning what is the meaning of life, what is the purpose of life. Existentialist every meaningful thing is a meaningless here we can find the concept of Nihilism, connected with the belief of ultimate meaningless of life. In this particular last video I like the concept of theory of theology. 

Answer-2 

I like the video-8 "Explain like I'm five: Existentialism and Nietzsche that human being have the power of everything it means human being can make their own rules and be a superman and he/she can do whatever they want. And also they win every time. They always keep that what they want.They have not any kind of pressure, rules and regulation also. That's why i like...

Answer-3 

Flipped learning is best to learn from anywhere, I like it most because it provides us content with appropriate pictures and signs so it would easy to understand the content. Flipped learning also very beneficial for four basic skill LSRW, through this learning we can improve our listening skill from native speaker and also we can improve our memory to remember the speakers words and note down. And also we can learn how to pronounce spells. At last, I can say that we can learn from anywhere in our time through flipped learning.

                                            

Thank you...

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